SARS-CoV-2 in non-human reservoirs
SARS-CoV-2 established itself in North American wildlife with remarkable speed. Free-ranging white-tailed deer now carry variants that have gone extinct in humans, evolving along their own trajectory, and farmed mink have sustained cryptic transmission chains. These reservoirs matter because they create a route back into human populations for viral diversity we thought was gone.
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SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant re-emerges in US farmed mink and free-ranging white-tailed deer in 2022-2023
Crespo-Bellido A, Owsiany MC, Chillson NN, Huey D, McBride DS, Lemey P, Rekant SI, Korslund J, Neafsey M, Killian ML, Chandler JC, Hobbs C, Hildebrandt HH, Easley J, Yount JS, Nelson MI, Bowman AS
Nat Commun 2026 17(1)
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SARS-CoV-2 infection in free-ranging white-tailed deer
Hale VL, Dennis PM, McBride DS, Nolting JM, Madden C, Huey D, Ehrlich M, Grieser J, Winston J, Lombardi D, Gibson S, Saif L, Killian ML, Lantz K, Tell RM, Torchetti M, Robbe-Austerman S, Nelson MI, Faith SA, Bowman AS
Nature 2022 602(7897):481-486
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2026
Featured publication
SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant re-emerges in US farmed mink and free-ranging white-tailed deer in 2022-2023
Crespo-Bellido A, Owsiany MC, Chillson NN, Huey D, McBride DS, Lemey P, Rekant SI, Korslund J, Neafsey M, Killian ML, Chandler JC, Hobbs C, Hildebrandt HH, Easley J, Yount JS, Nelson MI, Bowman AS
Nat Commun 2026 17(1)
2025
Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha Variant in White-Tailed Deer, Ohio, USA
Tarbuck NN, Garushyants SK, McBride DS, Dennis PM, Franks J, Woodard K, Shamblin A, Sovic MG, Collins DT, Van Why K, Webby RJ, Nelson MI, Bowman AS
Emerg Infect Dis 2025 31(7):1319-1329
2024
The Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus at the Human–Animal Interface
Anderson TK, Medina RA, Nelson MI
In: Genetics and Evolution of Infectious Diseases (Third Edition) Tibayrenc M, ed. Elsevier 2024 ch. 22 pp. 549–572
2023
Accelerated evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in free-ranging white-tailed deer
McBride DS, Garushyants SK, Franks J, Magee AF, Overend SH, Huey D, Williams AM, Faith SA, Kandeil A, Trifkovic S, Miller L, Jeevan T, Patel A, Nolting JM, Tonkovich MJ, Genders JT, Montoney AJ, Kasnyik K, Linder TJ, Bevins SN, Lenoch JB, Chandler JC, DeLiberto TJ, Koonin EV, Suchard MA, Lemey P, Webby RJ, Nelson MI, Bowman AS
Nat Commun 2023 14(1):5105
SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies in Free-Ranging Fallow Deer (Dama dama) and Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) in Suburban and Rural Areas in Spain
Encinas P, Escalera A, Aydillo T, Iglesias I, Nelson MI, García-Sastre A, Del Real G
Transbound Emerg Dis 2023 2023:3324790
2022
Featured publication
SARS-CoV-2 infection in free-ranging white-tailed deer
Hale VL, Dennis PM, McBride DS, Nolting JM, Madden C, Huey D, Ehrlich M, Grieser J, Winston J, Lombardi D, Gibson S, Saif L, Killian ML, Lantz K, Tell RM, Torchetti M, Robbe-Austerman S, Nelson MI, Faith SA, Bowman AS
Nature 2022 602(7897):481-486
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